Table 1. Dothan series: Description of the forested and agricultural sites.
The Dothan series consists of deep, well drained, moderately slowly permeable soils that formed in thick unconsolidated medium to fine-textured sediments of the Coastal Plain. These soils are on broad, nearly level to strongly sloping uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 12%.
Taxonomic Class:	Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthic Paleudults.
Table 1a.	FORESTED SITE
Sampled Pedon:	Dothan loamy sand (S81GA-287-003)-on a 3% linear northwest-facing slope in a stand of loblolly pines with an understory of blueberries and blackberries.
Location:	About 11 km W-NW of Ashburn, GA, at 31°45'7"N, 83°46'44"W (Turner Co.)
Horizon	Depth (cm)	Description
Ap	0-20	Dark grayish-brown (10YR 4/1) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many roots; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Bw	20-30	Brownish-yellow (10YR 6/6) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; friable; common roots; root holes filled with Ap material; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt	38-76	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; few clay films on ped faces; firm; few roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Btvl	76-129	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; common medium distinct yellowish-red (5YR 5/8) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; few clay films on ped faces; firm; 8% plinthite; few roots; strongly acid, clear wavy boundary.
Btv2	129-160	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; many medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6), yellowish red (5YR 5/8) and light gray (10YR 7/1) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; common clay films on ped faces; firm; 12% plinthite; few roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
BC	160-184	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; many medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) and light-gray (10YR 7/1) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
C	184-274	Reticulately mottled yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) light-gray-gray (10YR 6/1), yellowish-red (5YR 5/8) and red (2.5YR 4/8) sandy clay loam with pockets of sandy loam; massive very strongly acid residuum of the Hawthorn Formation.
Table 1b.	AGRICULTURAL SITE
Sampled Pedon:	Dothan loamy sand (S81GA-277-003) on a convex northeast facing slope with bahia-grass cover.
Location:	About 13 km W-NW of Tifton, GA, on the Coastal Plain Experiment Station (Ponder Farm, Tift Co.).
Horizon	Depth (cm)	Description
Ap	0-30	Very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) loamy sand; weak fine granular with some weak medium platy structure; very friable; many roots; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt1	30-81	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky struc-ture; few clay films on ped faces; firm; common roots that grow along ped faces; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2	81-104	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) clay; few fine distinct yellowish-red (5YR 4/6) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure with major partings 15 to 25 cm apart which are filled with illuvial clay; few clay films on ped faces; firm; 2% plinthite; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Btv1	104-125	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) clay; many fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) and many fine distinct light yellowish-brown (10YR 6/4) and light-gray (10YR 7/2) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; few clay films on ped faces; firm; 15% plinthite; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Btv2	125-151	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; many fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) and many fine distinct light brownish-gray (10YR 6/2) and yellow (10YR 7/6) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; common clay films on ped faces; firm; 12% plinthite (about 50% platy); very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
BC	151-180	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; many medium prominent dark yellowish-brown (10YR 3/4) and light-gray (10YR 7/1) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

 
 
 

Table 2. Fuquay series: Description of forested and agricultural sites.
The Fuquay series consists of well drained soils that have formed in loamy marine sediments of the upper Coastal Plain. Permeability is moderate in the upper subsoil and slow in the lower part. Slopes range from 0 to 10%.
Taxonomic Class:	Loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Plinthic Paleudults.
Table 2a.	FORESTED SITE
Sampled Pedon:	Fuquay loamy sand (S81GA-287-002) on a 2% linear southwest facing slope in a stand of loblolly pine.
Location:	About 11 km W-NW of Ashburn, GA, at 31°44'30" N, 83°46'55" W (Turner Co.)
Horizon	Depth (cm)	Description
Ap	0-25	Dark grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) sand; weak fine granular to single grain struc-ture; very friable; 4% ironstone concretions and quartz pebbles; many roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
E	25-65	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/4) sand; weak fine granular to single grain structure; pockets of washed sand grains; very friable; 4% ironstone concretions and quartz pebbles; common roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bwc	65-82	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; friable; 10% ironstone concretions; few roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Btc	82-136	Strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; common fine prominent red (2.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; 3% ironstone concretions and quartz pebbles; 4% plinthite; few roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Btv	136-170	Strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; many medium prominent light-gray (10YR 7/1) and red (10YR 4/6) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; firm; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
C	186-260	Reticulately mottled strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), light-gray (10YR 7/1), reddish-brown (5YR 5/3) and red (10YR 4/8) sandy clay loam with pockets of sandy loam; massive; firm; very strongly acid residuum from the Hawthorn Formation.
Table 2b.	AGRICULTURAL SITE
Sampled Pedon:	Fuquay loamy sand (S81GA-277-002) on a 3% linear east-facing slope with bahiagrass cover.
Location:	About 13 km W-NW of Tifton, GA on the Coastal Plain Experiment Station (Ponder Farm, Tift Co.)
Horizon	Depth (cm)	Description
Ap	0-33	Dark grayish-brown (10YR 4/2) sand; weak fine granular to single grain struc-ture; very friable; many roots; medium acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
E	33-90	Brownish-yellow (10YR 6/6) loamy sand; weak fine granular to single grain structure; pockets of washed sand grains; very friable; root holes with charcoal and/or Ap material; common roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bwc	90-106	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; root holes with charcoal and/or Ap material; 4% ironstone concretions and quartz pebbles; common roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Btc	106-128	Strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam with common medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; root holes with charcoal and/or Ap material; 10% ironstone concretions and quartz pebbles; 4% plinthite; few to common roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Btv	128-156	Strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; common medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; firm; 15% platy plinthite; few roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
BC	156-177	Reticulately mottled strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), red (2.5YR 4/6) and light gray (10YR 7/2) sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; firm; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
C	177-214+	Reticulately mottled strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), red (2.5YR 4/6) and light-gray (10YR 7/2) sandy clay loam; massive; firm; very strongly acid residuum from the Hawthorn Formation.

 
 
 

Table 3. Tifton series: Description of forested and agricultural sites.
The Tifton series consists of deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils that formed in loamy marine sedi-ments. These soils are on smooth upland and have slopes that range from 0 to 8%. Mean annual temperature is 21°C, and mean annual precipitation is 1170 mm.
Table 3a.	FORESTED SITE
Taxonomic Class:	Tifton loamy sands (S81GA-287-001) on a 2% convex northwest facing slope in a stand of long-leaf pine.
Location:	About 11 km W-NW of Ashburn, GA, at 31°44'19" N, 83°46'12" W (Turner Co.).
Horizon	Depth (cm)	Description
Oi	4-0	Pine needles, oak leaves, and fern fronds underlain with white fungal material.
Ac	0-10	Very dark grayish-brown (10YR 3/2) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable; 16% ironstone concretions and quartz pebbles; many roots; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Ec	10-31	Brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand, weak fine granular structure; very friable; 11% ironstone concretions and quartz pebbles; many roots; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Bwc	31-38	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many clay films on ped faces; 9% ironstone concretions and quartz pebbles; common roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt	69-88	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay; few medium prominent red (10YR 4/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common clay films on ped faces; 3% plinthite; few roots; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Btv	88-111	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay; common medium prominent red (10YR 4/6) and light gray (10YR 6/2) mottles; firm; common clay films on ped faces; 15% plinthite; few roots concentrated in cracks and channels along ped faces; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Table 3b.	AGRICULTURAL SITE
Sampled Pedon:	Tifton loamy sand (S81GA-277-004) on a level plain with bahiagrass cover.
Location:	About 13 km W-NW of Tifton, GA, on the Coastal Plain Experiment Station (Ponder Farm, Tift Co.).
Horizon	Depth (cm)	Description
Apc	0-29	Dark-brown (10YR 3/2) loamy sand; weak fine granular structure with some weak platy and subangular units when soil in place; very friable; 5% ironstone concretions and quartz pebbles; many plant roots; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bwc	29-41	Brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure with large structural breaks at about 30 cm spacings; friable; 10% ironstone concretions and quartz pebbles; common plant roots; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt1	41-78	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky streaked; friable; 3% ironstone concretions and quartz pebbles; few roots primarily concentrated in top of horizon and along structural breaks; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2	78-117	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; common clay films on ped faces; friable; 2% plinthite; few roots along structural breaks; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Btv	117-138	Yellowish-brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; many large prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) and light-gray (10YR 7/2) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; common clay films on ped faces; firm; 10% plinthite; few roots along struc-tural breaks and on ped faces; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
BC	138-183	Reticulately mottled yellowish-brown (10YR 5/8), red (2.5YR 4/6), light-gray (10YR 7/2) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure with pockets of massive material; firm, 4% plinthite, extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary.

 
 

Table 4. Dothan Series: Particle-size distribution of the forested site in Turner Co. and the agricultural site in Tift Co.
	Depth	Whole Soil	--- Total ---			--- Sand Fractions1---					Silt2		Fine Clay,
Horizon	(cm)	2 mm	Sand	Silt	Clay	VC	C	M	F	VF	C	F	< 0.0002 mm
		------------------------------------------------%------------------------------------------------
FORESTED SITE
Ap	0-20	2	85.1	8.8	6.1	2.5	9.9	23.8	33.1	15.8	4.3	4.5	1.2
Bw	20-38	2	81.5	8.8	9.7	1.8	9.6	23.0	32.3	14.8	4.8	4.0	4.5
Bt	38-76	2	65.6	7.3	27.1	2.5	8.5	17.6	25.2	11.8	3.7	3.6	18.2
Btv1	76-129	2	57.8	5.4	36.8	2.7	7.6	15.7	21.1	10.7	3.4	2.0	24.3
Btv2	129-160	5	66.9	5.7	27.4	1.8	7.7	17.2	25.7	14.5	4.1	1.6	17.7
BC	160-184	5	68.6	5.2	26.2	1.9	10.3	22.9	24.3	9.2	3.2	2.0	16.5
C	184-274	-	76.3	3.6	20.1	.8	10.7	29.0	28.6	7.2	3.6	-	11.6
AGRICULTURAL SITE
Ap	0-30	3	78.9	12.1	9.0	4.3	13.9	25.4	24.5	10.8	5.9	6.2	4.9
Bt1	30-81	5	59.0	8.5	32.5	3.3	10.5	18.9	18.8	7.5	4.4	4.1	23.2
Bt2	81-104	1	47.6	8.9	43.5	2.6	7.5	14.5	15.6	7.4	5.2	3.7	29.7
Btv1	104-125	2	43.9	13.0	43.1	1.4	4.4	11.4	15.9	10.8	8.1	4.9	27.3
Btv2	125-151	-	52.9	13.1	34.0	1.3	5.7	15.1	17.8	13.0	8.6	4.5	24.3
BC	151-180	-	56.2	13.4	30.4	.8	4.0	14.5	22.6	14.3	8.9	4.5	20.3
C	180-211+	-	55.9	13.8	30.3	1.3	5.7	22.0	19.2	7.7	9.8	4.0	15.8
1 VC=Very Coarse, 2-1 mm; C=Coarse, 1-0.5 mm; M=Medium, 0.5-0.25 mm; F=Fine, 0.25-0.1 mm; VF=Very Fine, 0.1-0.05 mm. 2 C=Coarse, 0.05-0.02 mm; F=Fine, 0.02-0.002 mm.

 
 

Table 5. Fuquay Series: Particle-size distribution of the forested site in Turner Co. and the agricultural site in Tift Co.
	Depth	Whole Soil	--- Total ---			--- Sand Fractions1---					Silt2		Fine Clay,
Horizon	(cm)	2 mm	Sand	Silt	Clay	VC	C	M	F	VF	C	F	< 0.0002 mm
		------------------------------------------------%-------------------------------------------------------
FORESTED SITE
Ap	0-25	4	87.3	8.6	4.1	1.7	11.0	28.3	35.4	10.9	3.3	5.3	2.0
E	25-65	4	88.8	7.8	4.4	2.2	13.4	28.8	33.5	9.9	2.6	5.2	1.2
Bwc	65-82	10	85.4	7.0	7.6	2.6	12.6	25.8	34.2	10.2	4.2	2.8	12.5
Btc	83-136	24	72.6	6.0	21.4	2.1	10.2	22.8	29.1	8.4	3.2	2.8	12.5
Btv	136-170	3	70.9	2.9	26.2	3.5	13.3	21.7	26.6	5.8	1.7	1.2	14.5
BC	170-186	21	73.4	3.6	23.0	3.9	16.9	23.3	25.0	4.3	1.2	2.4	12.1
C	186-260	TR*	78.3	-	21.7	3.4	18.6	37.8	16.9	1.6	TR	-	10.4
AGRICULTURAL SITE
Ap	0-33	1	90.1	7.1	2.8	1.1	5.2	27.2	41.7	14.9	5.5	1.6	2.0
E	33-90	1	85.1	8.9	6.0	1.1	3.8	21.4	41.2	17.6	6.9	2.0	3.2
Bwc	90-106	4	81.7	7.4	10.9	1.5	7.1	24.6	35.7	12.8	4.2	3.2	5.6
Btc	106-128	10	69.1	7.3	23.6	2.5	7.1	20.6	28.1	10.8	4.2	3.2	17.1
Btv	128-156	10	65.0	6.3	28.7	2.6	8.3	20.9	23.9	9.3	4.3	2.0	19.9
BC	156-177	2	66.0	7.7	26.3	.7	6.8	23.1	24.4	11.0	5.3	2.4	15.8
C	177-214+	-	75.5	3.9	20.6	1.2	11.0	31.4	23.6	8.3	3.1	.8	13.7
1 VC=Very Coarse, 2-1 mm; C=Coarse, 1-0.5 mm; M=Medium, 0.5-0.25 mm; F=Fine, 0.25-0.1 mm; VF=Very Fine, 0.1-0.05 mm. 2 C=Coarse, 0.05-0.02 mm; F=Fine, 0.02-0.002 mm. *TR=Trace

 
 
 

Table 6. Tifton Series: Particle-size distribution of the forested site in Turner Co. and the agricultural site in Tift Co.
	Depth	Whole Soil	--- Total ---			--- Sand Fractions1---					Silt2		Fine Clay,
Horizon	(cm)	2 mm	Sand	Silt	Clay	VC	C	M	F	VF	C	F	< 0.0002 mm
		------------------------------------------------%-------------------------------------------------------
FORESTED SITE
Ac	0-10	16	79.4	11.1	9.5	2.3	4.8	23.6	38.5	10.2	7.4	3.7	5.4
Ec	10-31	11	83.2	10.7	6.1	2.1	5.2	24.5	41.3	10.1	7.0	3.7	2.4
Bwc	31-38	12	79.7	12.2	8.1	1.7	4.8	24.7	38.9	9.6	7.7	4.5	4.1
Btc	38-69	9	55.9	9.2	34.9	.7	3.9	18.9	26.5	5.9	4.7	4.5	24.4
Bt	69-88	1	51.6	8.6	39.8	.7	3.6	18.5	23.8	5.0	4.5	4.1	28.0
Btv	88-111	2	53.9	9.2	36.9	1.0	3.6	19.0	24.4	5.9	5.1	4.1	23.9
B't	111-148	TR*	59.1	9.4	31.5	1.2	5.3	22.7	24.5	5.4	5.8	3.6	21.0
BC	148-178	1	61.5	5.4	33.1	2.2	7.2	25.6	22.6	3.9	3.8	1.6	23.0
C	178-244	1	77.9	2.8	19.3	3.8	11.1	32.4	26.0	4.6	1.2	1.6	13.7
AGRICULTURAL SITE
Ap	0-29	6	74.7	16.2	9.1	2.8	8.9	22.0	28.6	12.4	5.9	10.3	3.7
E	29-41	24	70.7	11.0	18.3	1.6	8.4	18.7	29.2	12.8	5.7	5.3	12.2
Bwc	41-78	9	60.4	8.7	30.9	3.1	8.3	17.2	22.3	9.5	4.6	4.1	21.5
Btc	78-117	3	62.7	8.1	29.2	2.5	8.1	18.4	23.6	10.1	4.5	3.6	19.9
Btv	117-138	6	59.6	9.6	30.8	2.6	8.1	18.0	21.8	9.1	5.5	4.1	19.4
BC	138-183	TR	50.3	12.0	37.7	1.3	5.7	13.2	18.5	11.6	7.2	4.9	20.7
C	183-218	TR	56.9	11.2	31.9	3.7	12.6	18.4	14.7	7.5	5.9	5.3	19.0
1 VC=Very Coarse, 2-1 mm; C=Coarse, 1-0.5 mm; M=Medium, 0.5-0.25 mm; F=Fine, 0.25-0.1 mm; VF=Very Fine, 0.1-0.05 mm. 2 C=Coarse, 0.05-0.02 mm; F=Fine, 0.02-0.002 mm. *TR=Trace

 
 
 

Table 7. Dothan Soil Series: Soil-moisture retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity.
				Water Retention	Saturated
		Water Retention		Difference	Hydraulic
Horizon	Depth	33 kPa	1500 kPa	(33 kPa-1500 kPa)	Conductivity
	(cm)	(cm3 cm-3 )	(cm3 cm-3 )	(cm3 cm-3 )	(cm h-1)
FORESTED, TURNER COUNTY
Ap	0-20	0.13	0.05	0.08	17.13
Bw	20-38	0.12	0.05	0.07	2.69
Bt	38-76	0.18	0.11	0.07	1.20
Btv1	76-129	0.26	0.20	0.06	0.39
Btv2	129-160	0.23	0.18	0.05	0.18
BC	160-184	0.21	0.05	0.06	0.24
C	184-274	0.18	0.13	0.05	0.04
AGRICULTURAL, TIFT COUNTY
Ap	0-30	0.16	0.09	0.07	6.25
Bt1	30-81	0.22	0.15	0.07	2.51
Bt2	81-104	0.29	0.23	0.06	2.16
Btv1	104-125	0.34	0.29	0.05	0.48
Btv2	125-151	0.32	0.27	0.05	0.25
BC	151-180	0.25	0.19	0.06	0.12
C	180-211+	0.28	0.21	0.07	0.13

 

Table 8. Fuquay Soil Series: Soil-moisture retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity.
				Water Retention	Saturated
		Water Retention		Difference	Hydraulic
Horizon	Depth	33 kPa	1500 kPa	(33 kPa-1500 kPa)	Conductivity
	(cm)	(cm3 cm-3 )	(cm3 cm-3 )	(cm3 cm-3 )	(cm h-1)
FORESTED, TURNER COUNTY
Ap	0-25	0.11	0.04	0.07	31.02
E	25-65	0.10	0.03	0.07	5.56
Bwc	65-82	0.11	0.05	0.06	7.03
Btc	82-136	0.17	0.09	0.08	4.50
Btv	136-170	0.21	0.15	0.06	0.46
BC	170-186	0.18	0.12	0.06	0.66
C	186-260	0.16	0.10	0.06	0.71
AGRICULTURAL, TIFT COUNTY
Ap	0-33	0.13	0.09	0.07	10.53
E	33-90	0.09	0.02	0.07	10.19
Bwc	90-106	0.12	0.04	0.08	10.79
Btc	106-128	0.18	0.11	0.07	4.85
Btv	128-156	0.25	0.19	0.06	0.96
BC	156-177	0.26	0.20	0.05	0.42
C	177-214+	0.26	0.20	0.06	0.34

Table 9. Tifton Soil Series: Soil-moisture retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity.
				Water Retention	Saturated
		Water Retention		Difference	Hydraulic
Horizon	Depth	33 kPa	1500 kPa	(33 kPa-1500 kPa)	Conductivity
	(cm)	(cm3 cm-3 )	(cm3 cm-3 )	(cm3 cm-3 )	(cm h-1)
FORESTED, TURNER COUNTY
Ac	0-10	0.11	0.05	0.06	23.67
Ec	31-Oct	0.13	0.06	0.07	7.92
Btc	38-69	0.17	0.09	0.08	1.77
Bt	69-88	0.26	0.19	0.07	1.78
Btv	88-111	0.29	0.25	0.04	0.13
B't	111-148	0.28	0.24	0.04	0.04
BC	148-178	0.22	0.16	0.06	0.17
C	178-244	0.17	0.12	0.05	0.30
AGRICULTURAL, TIFT COUNTY
Apc	0-29	0.18	0.11	0.07	0.56
Bwc	29-41	0.15	0.10	0.05	0.97
Bt1	41-78	0.20	0.14	0.06	0.51
Bt2	78-117	0.27	0.21	0.06	0.85
Btv	117-138	0.29	0.24	0.05	0.24
BC	138-183	0.29	0.23	0.06	0.34
C	183-218+	0.29	0.25	0.04	0.07

 

Table 10. Average soil characteristics for samples taken on the perimeter of study areas A and B.
Horizon					Particle size distribution			Water retention
Top	Bottom	Name	N1	CF	Sand	Silt	Clay	33kPa	1500kPa
cm	cm				----------%----------			------ cm3 cm-3 -------
0	29	Ap	24	18.9	84.6	9.3	6.1	0.099	0.043
30	41	AB	4	30.3	72.0	12.9	15.2	0.000	0.000
31	62	Bt1	24	29.7	63.4	11.4	25.2	0.244	0.150
57	88	Bt2	4	14.7	61.6	16.2	22.2	0.248	0.159
65	92	Btv1	24	18.7	62.9	11.1	26.1	0.272	0.161
92	111	Btv2	21	16.8	62.3	10.5	27.1	0.294	0.177
111	143	Btv	24	12.2	60.4	11.8	27.8	0.303	0.187
143	160	BC	4	13.2	48.3	15.9	35.9	0.375	0.225
1N is the number of sites (out of 24 possible) that had this horizon present and also the number of samples for particle size distribution and water retention averages.

 
 
 

Table 11. Average soil characteristics for undisturbed core samples taken on the perimeter of study areas A and B.
---- Horizon ----					Bulk	Moisture Release Curve (equilibrium pressure kPa)
Top	Bottom	Name	N*	Ksat	Density	0.4	1	2.1	4.4	10	21	47	90
cm	cm			cm h-1	Mg m-3	- - - - - - - - - - - - - - cm3 cm-3  - - - - - - - - - - - -
0	29	Ap	11	18.879	1.64	0.322	0.313	0.288	0.237	0.188	0.163	0.135	0.110
30	41	AB	0
31	62	Bt1	13	8.968	1.69	0.323	0.317	0.306	0.284	0.255	0.234	0.210	0.182
57	88	Bt2	2	14.394	1.69	0.351	0.347	0.337	0.324	0.301	0.282	0.258	0.238
65	92	Btv1	9	12.772	1.66	0.358	0.352	0.341	0.323	0.297	0.274	0.245	0.219
92	111	Btv2	7	6.015	1.68	0.355	0.350	0.340	0.322	0.300	0.277	0.249	0.227
111	143	Btv	7	1.711	1.69	0.360	0.354	0.349	0.337	0.318	0.299	0.272	0.248
143	160	BC	3	2.007	1.65	0.356	0.350	0.345	0.337	0.323	0.307	0.284	0.261
N* = no. Of sites from which an undisturbed core was taken and characterized from Ksat, BD, and Moisture release curves.

 
 
 

Table 12. Soil description
Pedon Classification:	Plinthic Kandiudult
Location:	Tift County, Georgia, east side of Watershed Z. 30 m S of NE corner.
Landform:	Backslope
Parent material:	Unconsolidated Coastal Plain Sediments
Physiography:	Upland
Soil Description:	(Colors for moist soil unless otherwise noted)
Ap1	0 to 20 cm; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy fine sand; weak fine fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; 3% to 10 mm diameter ironstone nodules; clear smooth boundary.
Ap2	20 to 37 cm; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy fine sand; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; 3% to 10 mm diameter ironstone nodules; clear smooth boundary.
E	37 to 47 cm; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy fine sand; massive; very friable; many fine and medium roots; few ironstone nodules; clear smooth boundary.
Bt	47 to 66 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many fine pores; few patchy clay films on peds and in pores; 3% nodular plinthite up to 15 mm diameter; few ped faces are pale brown (10YR 6/3); clear smooth boundary.
Btv2	94 to 122 cm; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy clay; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and many medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many fine pores; few patchy clay films on peds and in pores; 5% nodular plinthite up to 15 mm diameter; gradual smooth boundary.
Notes:	Described and sampled from face of trench

 
 

Table 13. Soil transport properties of Kandiudults near Tifton Georgia (Shaw et al., 1997).
Measurement	Bt	Btv	BC
Ks (mm s-1 x 10-2)	3.2 (2.8)	1.7 (1.7)	0.5 (3.7)
(cm)	5.7 (3.8)	4.1 (3.1)	5.9 (5.6)
qm /q	0.72 (026)	0.40 (0.28)	0.19 (0.22)
Dyed area (%)	64.5 (31.6)	45.6 (29.0)	17.5 (9.9)
Dyed area porosity (%)	5.01 (2.77)	5.85 (2.77)	xxx
Undyed area porosity (%)	1.10 (0.71)	0.76 (0.65)	0.86 (0.67)

 

Table 14. Morphological description of Esto pedon.
Classification:	Fine loamy, siliceous, thermic, Typic Kandiudult
Location:	Peach County, GA; Between watersheds 1 and 2 on Fort Valley State University
Slope:	3% NE
Landform:	Backslope
Parent material:	Coastal Plain fluvio-marine sediments
Landuse:	Idle pasture
Soil Description:	(colors for moist soil)
Ap1:	0 to 10 cm; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy fine sand; weak fine granular and subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; abrupt smooth boundary.
Ap2:	10 to 23 cm; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; few fine pores; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt1:	23 to 40 cm; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; frieable; common fine roots; many fine pores; common dark gray (10YR 4/1) infilled biospores; clear smooth boundary.
Br2:	40 to 72 cm; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy clay loam; very weak very coarse prismatic parting to moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; roots are concentrated along prism faces; common fine pores; few medium biopores; few thin clay films on ped faces; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3:	72 to 91 cm; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay; few medium distinct very pale brown (10YR 73) redox depletions; common medium prominent dark red (2.5 YR 4/8) redox concentrations; strong fine subangular and angular blocky structure; firm; many fine roots; common fine pores; few coarse biopores and chambers; few thin clay films on ped faces gradual smooth boundary.
BC1:	91 to 142 cm; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) clay; common medium and coarse distinct light gray (10 YR 7/1) redox depletions; many medium prominent dark red (2.5 YR 4/6) and common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) redox concentrations; dusky red concentrations are weakly cemented; weak medium platy and moderate medium angular blocky structure; very firm; color pattern is horizontal.
Notes:	Described and sampled from the face of a pit.

Table 15. Morphological description of Faceville pedon.
Classification:	Fine loamy, siliceous, thermic, Typic Kandiudult
Location:	each County, GA; Between watersheds 2 and 3 at Fort Valley State University.
Slope:	3% NW
Landform:	Backslope
Parent material:	Coastal Plain fluvio-marine sediments
Landuse:	Idle pasture
Soil Description:	(colors for moist soil):
Ap1:	0 to 9 cm; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular and subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; abrupt smooth boundary.
Ap2:	9 to 22 cm; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; few fine pores; clear smooth boundary.
Bt1:	22 to 56 cm; red (2.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common fine and medium pores; few thin clay films on ped faces; few biopores filled with A horizon material; few black charcoal stains; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2:	56 to 95 cm; red (2.5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; few fine pores; few thin clay films on ped faces; few coarse biopores; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3:	95 to 125 cm; dark red (2.5 YR 3/6) sandy clay loam; few fine prominent pale brown (10YR 6/3) and common medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) redox concentrations, weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; few thin clay films on ped faces; gradual wavy boundary.
BC1:	125 to 171 cm; dark red (2.5 YR 3/6) fine sandy loam; common medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and many coarse prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) redox concentrations, weak medium angular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; dark red matrix is weakly cemented; light brownish gray mottles have a roughly vertical alignment as if along coarse prism faces; few thin clay films on ped faces; gradual wavy boundary.
BC2:	171 to 200+ cm; dark red (2.5 YR 3/6) fine sandy loam; few coarse prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and few medium and coarse prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) redox concentrations; weak medium angular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; dark red matrix is weakly cemented.
Notes:	Described and sampled from the face of a pit.

 

Table 16. Mean transport parameters for Esto pedon (three columns per horizon).
Variable	Ap1/Ap2/Bt1	Bt2	Bt3	BC1
Ks1  (cm h-1)	2.64	2.37	0.47	0.25
CV of  Ks1(%)	46	58	111	142
R	1.03	1.4	1.62	1.89
, CDE (cm)	5.8	14.8	41	80.6
, MIM (cm)	5.1	11.6	14.5	35.3
q (cm3 cm-3 )	0.36	0.33	0.4	0.4
qm/q (%)	0.77	0.52	0.44	0.36
Exchange coeff. (h-1 )	6.87	1.57	0.1	0.13
Dyed area  (%)	82.1	86.1	20.8	21.3
1Measured on the small cores

 

Table 17. Mean transport parameters for Faceville pedon (three columns per horizon).
Variable	Ap1/Ap2/Bt1	Bt2	BC1
Ks1 (cm h-1)	2.87	2.6	0.2
CV  of  Ks1  (%)	67	72	100
R	1	1.36	2.12
, CDE (cm)	3.8	16.5	47.9
, MIM (cm)	3.3	10.9	21.7
q  (cm3 cm-3 )	0.34	0.4	0.35
qm/q (%)	0.8	0.37	0.45
Exchange coeff. (h-1 )	115.7	2.21	0.04
Dyed area (%)	93.1	64.9	34.7
1Measured on the small cores.

 
 
 

Table 18. Characterization properties of selected horizons for Norfolk (after Anderson & Cassel 1984)1.
Landscape	Depth	Mean2						Soil Water Content			Organic
Position	to B	Elevation	Horizon	Depth	Sand	Silt	Clay	-10 kPa	-33 kPa	-1500 kPa	Carbon
	------m------			m	-------------------% by wt------------------
Upper side slope	0.33	0.53±0.17	A	0-0.23±2	81±3	15±3	4±2	11.6±2.0	6.9±1.4	2.0±0.4	0.45±0.13
			E	0.23-0.33±4	70±4	22±3	8±3	12.8±1.6	9.0±1.5	2.7±1.2
			Bt1	0.48-0.75±12	61±4	18±3	12±4	20.2±2.4	15.1±1.7	8.6±1.4
			Bt4	1.27-1.53±6	59±4	12±3	29±4	23.8±2.7	18.9±2.2	11.9±1.7
Intermediate side slope	0.46	0.30±0.09	A	0-0.23±1	71±7	25±6	4±2	16.2±2.5	11.3±2.8	2.7±0.6	0.75±0.19
			E	0.23-0.46±4	69±3	25±3	6±2	13.3±1.2	9.8±1.1	2.4±0.6
			Bt1		58±3	21±3	21±3	20.5±2.6	15.4±1.7	8.6±1.4
			Bt4		56±4	16±3	26±5	23.4±2.8	18.5±2.3	12.0±2.1
Lower side slope	0.37	0.12±0.05	A	0-0.22±2	68±9	26±6	6±3	17.2±3.3	13.0±3.2	3.0±0.8	0.89±0.27
			E	0.22-0.37±3	70±4	23±2	7±2	13.2±1.9	9.5±1.3	2.4±0.7
			Bt1	0.49-0.75±9	56±4	18±3	26±4	22.1±2.2	16.9±1.7	10.1±1.5
			Bt4	1.25-1.51±6	55±4	14±2	31±4	24.3±2.9	19.3±2.2	12.7±2.1
1The values are the means and standard deviations. 2Elevation above lowest position in the field.

 
 
 
 

Table 19. Selected soil physical property data for Wagram soil at Clayton, NC.
	Soil	Bulk				Soil Water Content
Horizon	Depth	Density	Sand	Silt	Clay	-10 kPa	-33 kPa	-1500 kPa
	cm	g cm-3	----------% by wt----------			--------------g g-1------------
Ap1	0-15	1.61	86	11	3	0.117	0.089	0.019
Ap2	15-25	1.75	82	12	5	0.092	0.066	0.023
E	25-46	1.75	75	13	13	0.122	0.098	0.055
EB	46-61	1.65	68	11	22	0.163	0.141	0.86
Bt1	61-91	1.63	70	10	20	0.161	0.125	0.81
Bt2	91-122	1.52	61	9	30	0.226	0.183	0.126
Bt3	12-152	1.62	65	9	26	0.201	0.157	0.112

 
 
 
 

Table 20. Mathematical models for unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (cm h-1) for Wagram soil at Clayton, North Carolina.
Soil Depth	Model	Limits of Volumetric Water Content	R2
cm		cm3 cm-3
0-15	lnK=-8.87+13.33q	0.128 - 0.324	0.63
15-25	lnK=-11.84+31.12q	0.137 - 0.256	0.9
25-46	lnK=-12.17+38.27q	0.193 - 0.260	0.29
46-61	lnK=-31.46+90.31q	0.268 - 0.318	0.97
61-91	lnK=-23.71+63.45q	0.263 - 0.321	0.98
91-122	lnK=-51.21+128.01q	0.345 - 0.381	0.93
122-152	lnK=-24.75+54.83q	0.335 - 0.349	0.69